Frame analysis involves:

• A. Measuring runtime
• B. Analyzing what is included in frames to reveal power relations, identity focus, and social norms
• C. Counting frames per minute
• D. Evaluating lighting setup

Answer: (B)

Frame analysis looks at what is shown inside each shot and what that inclusion or exclusion communicates about power, identity, and social norms. It considers how elements are arranged within the frame—the placement of characters and objects, what is foregrounded or left out, and how camera angles, proximity, and depth of field shape meaning. This focus on the image’s composition helps reveal who holds authority, whose perspectives are centered or ignored, and which societal expectations are being reinforced or questioned. The other options center on production metrics like runtime or frame counts, or on technical aspects such as lighting, which are about how a scene is produced rather than what the framing says about representation and social relations.